Upon this fertile plains of old Europe, a scene of loyalty and obligation unfolded. Medieval lords, dressed in splendor, held sway over their vast domains. They were respected by their vassals, who pledged their allegiance history in exchange for safety. , skilled artisans, and wise advisors were the pillars of this intricate system. Yet, beneath

This facet of the crisis in France in the final 10 years from the 18th century enormously impressed modern day observers and afterwards historians. Joseph de Maistre, in his Considérations sur la France (1796), explained the Revolution as a death struggle involving Christianity and a diabolical philosophy and to be a demo permitted by Providence t